Diabetes is a chronic disease that can have a significant impact on various aspects of your health, including your eyes. One of the most well-known complications is diabetic retinopathy, but how exactly does diabetes affect the eyes? And is diabetic retinopathy the only eye condition associated with the disease?
In this article, our experts will discuss how diabetes can lead to a range of eye problems, explaining the connections between the disease and common eye complications. Read on to learn how diabetes and eye problems are related..
How Can Diabetes Affect Your Eyes?
Diabetes can increase the likelihood of developing several specific eye conditions. The high blood sugar levels that characterise diabetes can damage blood vessels in the eyes, leading to several complications.
One of the most significant conditions caused by diabetes is diabetic retinopathy, which occurs when the blood vessels in the retina are damaged due to prolonged high blood sugar. Diabetic retinopathy can lead to vision loss if not managed properly.
Read on as our team of experts provides further insights into how diabetes can cause eye complications such as eye floaters, glaucoma, cataracts, and diabetic macular oedema.
Diabetes and Floaters in the Eye
Eye floaters appear as spots or strands which drift across the vision as the eye moves.
In individuals with diabetes, floaters can be an early warning sign of diabetic retinopathy or other serious eye complications. These floaters often result from bleeding or fluid leakage caused by damaged retinal blood vessels. While some floaters may seem harmless, their sudden appearance should never be ignored, as they could indicate a retinal tear or detachment. .
The Connection Between Glaucoma & Diabetes
Diabetes doesn’t just affect the retina, it can also impact other parts of the eye, including the optic nerve. The increased pressure in the eye that characterises glaucoma can be more common in people with diabetes. This connection is because diabetes can cause changes in the eye’s drainage system, which can lead to increased intraocular pressure and, ultimately, glaucoma.
According to our experts, managing blood sugar levels and eye health is key to reducing the risk of developing glaucoma. Regular eye tests can help catch the condition early and prevent irreversible damage to the optic nerve. Learn more about glaucoma and its connection to diabetes in our guide.
Cataracts & Diabetes
Diabetes can also increase the likelihood of developing cataracts, a condition where the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, resulting in blurry vision. High blood sugar levels can lead to the accumulation of excess sugar in the eye, which in turn can cause changes to the lens, leading to cataract formation.
While cataracts are common with age, those with diabetes are at an increased risk and may experience the condition earlier than the general population. Our experts emphasise that cataract surgery is a highly effective (and quick) treatment. For those considering cataract surgery, Optegra offers advanced surgical solutions – learn more about cataract surgery.
Macular Oedema
Macular oedema is another serious eye condition linked to diabetes. This condition occurs when fluid builds up in the macula, the part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. High blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels in the retina, leading to leakage of fluid into the macula, resulting in swelling and vision impairment.
Early detection and treatment are crucial for macular oedema. Treatment can help manage the condition and preserve vision. Treatments may include medications, laser therapy, or injections. Managing your blood sugar levels is crucial to preventing further damage.
Preventing Diabetic Eye Conditions
The good news is that diabetic eye conditions can be prevented or managed with the right approach. Our experts recommend individuals with diabetes closely monitor their blood sugar levels and follow a healthy diet and exercise plan to reduce the risk of developing eye complications. Regular eye check-ups are also vital, as early detection of eye problems can prevent or minimise long-term damage.
Check out our guide on signs that you may need an eye test.
What Next? Contact us to Discuss Cataract & Laser Eye Surgery Options
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By Author: Alastair Stuart
Medically Reviewed Date: 15th April 2025
